⌈Fundamentals Review⌋

Fundamentals of Digital Audio (review)

Fundamentals of prions and their inactivation (review).

Prion is an infectious particle composed of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) and causes prion diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and scrapie. Host cells express cellular prion protein (PrPC), which plays roles in normal functions such as anti-oxidative stress. PrPSc is derived from PrPC and produced by conformational conversi...

Fundamentals of Optical Interconnections-a Review

We review some of the relatively fundamental work in the area of optically interconnected digital computing systems. We cover comparisons of optical interconnections with other interconnection media in terms of energy and interconnection density, studies determining the optimal combination of optical and electrical interconnections that should be used, work on free-space optical interconnection...

Fundamentals of Network Coding: A Review

Network coding broadly refers to the processing of data at the intermediate nodes of a network in addition to routing data from source to destination. The theoretical framework for network coding was first provided by Ahlswede et al. in [1]. In this paper, the authors demonstrate the benefits of network coding over mere routing in improving the throughput of a single-source multicast transmissi...

A Review of the Fundamentals of Diet

Dietary recommendations should be individualized for each patient, but certain basic principles apply to most people. A healthful diet should include a wide variety of whole, unprocessed foods that are free of additives and, if possible, grown without the use of pesticides, herbicides, and other potentially toxic agricultural chemicals. For people who do not have specific food intolerances, suc...